Palabras clave
estructura
liderazgo
ética empresarial
cultura organizacional
cultura nacional
Cómo citar
Resumen
Diferente de los casos típicos de crimen corporativo, el término corrupción organizacional es empleado por diversos estudios para referir a aquella conducta corrupta cuyo principal beneficiario no es el individuo sino la organización. Mediante una revisión de literatura, este artículo discute los principales mecanismos (socialización, normalización y racionalización) y rasgos (vinculados a elementos organizativos como estructura, liderazgo, ética empresarial, cultura organizacional y cultura nacional) de la corrupción organizacional. Como aporte, esta revisión propone un marco teórico para una comprensión cualitativa de los mecanismos y rasgos que posibilitan la transmisión y evolución de la corrupción organizacional. Asimismo, como finalidad, este artículo señala que una mejor comprensión del fenómeno citado permitirá diseñar políticas anticorrupción mejor adaptadas a su inherente complejidad.
Citas
Abraham, J., Suleeman, J. y Takwin, B. (2018). Psychological mechanism of corruption: A comprehensive review. Asian Journal of Scientific Research, 11 (4), 587-604.
Aguilera, R. y Vadera, A. (2008). The dark side of authority: Antecedents, mechanisms, and outcomes of organizational corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 77 (4), 431-449.
Akbar, Y. y Vujić, V. (2014). Explaining corruption: The role of national culture and its implications for international management. Cross Cultural Management, 21 (2), 191-218.
Anand, V., Ashforth, B. y Joshi, M. (2004). Business as usual: The acceptance and perpetuation of corruption in organizations. Academy of Management Executive, 18 (2), 39-53.
Antinori, A. (2018). Systemic corruption: Weapons of the twenty-first century, organized crime and the mafia, en P. Kracotski y M. Edelbacher (eds.), Fraud and corruption (pp. 263-275). Switzerland: Springer.
Arbogast, S. (2017). Resisting corporate corruption. NJ: Wiley.
Ardichvili, A., Mitchell, J. y Jondle, D. (2009). Characteristics of ethical business culture. Journal of Business Ethics, 85 (4), 445-451.
Arellano, D. (2017). Corrupción como proceso organizacional: Comprendiendo la lógica de la desnormalización de la corrupción. Contaduría y Administración, 62 (3), 827-842.
Ariely, D. y García-Rada, X. (2019). Corruption is contagious. Scientific American. Disponible en línea: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/corruption-is-contagious/.
Asamoah, J. (2017). The role of leadership in combating corruption in decentralized governance structures of Ghana. Review of Public Administration and Management, 5 (3), 1-9.
Ashforth, B. y Anand, V. (2003). The normalization of corruption in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 25, 1-52.
Ashforth, B., Gioia, D., Robinson, S. y Treviño, L. (2008). Re-viewing organizational corruption. Academy of Management Review, 33 (3), 670-684.
Bamidele, O., Olaniyan, A. y Ayodele, B. (2016). Culture, corruption, and anticorruption struggles in Nigeria. Journal of Developing Societies, 32 (2), 103-129.
Banuri, S. y Eckel, C. (2012). Experiments in culture and corruption: A review. Research in Experimental Economics, 15, 51-76.
Barcham, M., Hindess, B. y Larmour, P. (Eds.). (2012). Corruption. Australia: ANU Press.
Barr, A. y Serra, D. (2010). Corruption and culture: An experimental analysis. Journal of Public Economics, 94, 862-869.
Bashir, M. y Hassan, S. (2020). The need for ethical leadership in combating corruption. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 86 (4), 673-690.
Becker, S., Egger, P. y Seidel, T. (2009). Common political culture: Evidence on regional corruption contagion. European Journal of Political Economy, 25 (3), 300-310.
Berry, B. (2004). Organizational culture: A framework and strategies for facilitating employee whistleblowing. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 16 (1), 1-11.
Beugré, C. (2010). Resistance to socialization into organizational corruption: A model of deontic justice. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25 (3), 533-541.
Bierstaker, J. (2009). Differences in attitudes about fraud and corruption across cultures: Theory, examples and recommendations. Cross Cultural Management, 16 (3), 241-250.
Boehm, F., Isaza, C. y Villalba, M. (2015). Análisis experimental de la corrupción y de las medidas anticorrupción. ¿Dónde estamos, hacia dónde vamos? OPERA, 17, 105-126.
Borooah, V. (2016). Deconstructing corruption: A study of cash for favours in rural India. Journal of South Asian Development, 11 (1), 1-37.
Burke, R. (2009). Introduction. Corruption in organizations: causes, consequences and choices, en R. Burke y C. Cooper (eds.), Research companion to corruption in organizations (pp. 1-30). UK: Edward Elgar.
Bussmann, K. y Niemeczek, A. (2017). Compliance through company culture and values: An international study based on the example of corruption prevention. Journal of Business Ethics, 157 (3), 797-811.
Bussmann, K., Niemeczek, A. y Vockrodt, M. (2017). Company culture and prevention of corruption in Germany, China and Russia. European Journal of Criminology, 15 (3), 255-277.
Campbell, J. y Göritz, A. (2014). Culture corrupts! A qualitative study of organizational culture in corrupt organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 120 (3), 291-311.
Castro, A., Phillips, N. y Ansari, S. (2020). Corporate corruption: A review and an agenda for future research. Academy of Management Annals, 14 (2), 935-968.
Chang, J. y Lai, C. (2002). Is the efficiency wage efficient? The social norm and organizational corruption. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 104 (1), 27-47.
Cole, S. y Tran, A. (2011). Evidence from the firm: A new approach to understanding corruption, en S. Rose-Ackerman y T. Søreide (eds.), International handbook on the economics of corruption, Volume two (pp. 408-427). UK: Edward Elgar.
Collier, M. (2002). Explaining corruption: An institutional choice approach. Crime, Law & Social Change, 38 (1), 1-32.
Collins, J., Uhlenbruck, K. y Rodriguez, P. (2009). Why firms engage in corruption: A top management perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 87 (1), 89-108.
Condruz-Bacescu, M. (2011). Ethics: Organizational culture or leadership. Academy of Economic Studies, 13-14, 140-149.
Davis, J. y Ruhe, J. (2003). Perceptions of country corruption: Antecedents and outcomes. Journal of Business Ethics, 43 (4), 275-288.
DeBode, J., Armenakis, A., Feild, H. y Walker, A. (2013). Assessing ethical organizational culture: Refinement of a scale. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 49 (4), 460-484.
DeCelles, K. y Pfarrer, M. (2004). Heroes or villains? Corruption and the charismatic leader. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 11 (1), 67-77.
Della Porta, D. y Vannucci, A. (2012). The hidden order of corruption: An institutional approach. UK: Ashgate.
Dimant, E. y Tosato, G. (2017). Causes and effects of corruption: What has past decade’s empirical research taught us? A survey. Journal of Economic Surveys, 32 (2), 335-356.
Dupuy, J. y Neset, S. (2018). The cognitive psychology of corruption. Norway: Chr. Michelsen Institute.
Ferreira, A., Rodrigues, R. y Panhoca, L. (2019). Information on the fight against corruption and corporate governance practices: Evidence of organized hypocrisy. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 16, 145-160.
Fischer, R., Ferreira, M., Milfont, T. and Pilati, R. (2014). Culture of corruption? The effects of priming corruption images in a high corruption context. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45 (10), 1594-1605.
Fisman, R. y Golden, M. (2017). Corruption. NY: Oxford University Press.
Fleming, P. y Zyglidopoulos, S. (2009). Charting corporate corruption. UK: Edward Elgar.
García, P. (2019). Corruption in global health: The open secret. The Lancet, 394 (10214), P2119-P2124.
Guerrero, P. y Pérez, L. (2016). México, corrupción organizacional institucionalizada: Un estudio de caso. Revista Iberoamericana de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas, 5(9), 1-20.
Harding, J. (2014). Corruption or guanxi? Differentiating between the legitimate, unethical, and corrupt activities of Chinese government officials. Pacific Basin Law Journal, 31 (2), 127-146.
Heywood, P. (Ed.). (2015). Routledge handbook of political corruption. NY: Routledge.
Hira, A. (2016a). Closing remarks on culture and corruption. Journal of Developing Societies, 32 (2), 204-207.
Hira, A. (2016b). Broken windows: Why culture matters in corruption reform. Journal of Developing Societies, 32 (1), 1-16.
Holmes, L. (2015). Corruption. NY: Oxford University Press.
Hudson, S. y Claasen, C. (2017). Nepotism and cronyism as a cultural phenomenon? en M. Aßländer y S. Hudson (eds.), The handbook of business and corruption (pp. 95-118). UK: Emerald.
Jávor, I. y Jancsics, D. (2016). The role of power in organizational corruption: An empirical study. Administration & Society, 48 (5), 527-558.
Julián, M. y Bonavia, T. (2020). Psychological variables related to corruption: A systematic review. Anales de Psicología, 36 (2), 330-339.
Jun, I., Kim, K. y Rowley, C. (2019). Organizational culture and the tolerance of corruption: The case of South Korea. Asia Pacific Business Review, 25 (4), 534-553.
Katzarova, E. (2019). The social construction of global corruption. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kihl, L. (Ed.). (2018). Corruption in sport. NY: Routledge.
Köbis, N., Jackson D. y Carter, D. (2020). Recent approaches to the study of social norms and corruption, en A. Mungiu-Pippidi y P. Heywood (eds.), A research agenda for studies of corruption (pp. 41-53). USA: Edward Elgar.
Koven, S. y Perez, A. (2021). Corruption and business ethics. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Business and Management. Disponible en línea: https://oxfordre.com/business/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190224851.001.0001/acrefore-9780190224851-e-110
Krambia-Kapardis, M. (2016). Corporate fraud and corruption. NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kroeze, R., Vitória, A. y Geltner, G. (2018). Anticorruption in history. NY: Oxford University Press.
Kubbe, I. y Engelbert, A. (2018). Corruption and norms: Why informal rules matter. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kurer, O. (2015). Definitions of corruption, en P. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 30-41). NY: Routledge.
Kuye, O., Uche, C. y Akaighe, G. (2013). Organizational culture and ethical behavior: A strategic standpoint. Journal of Humanities, social Sciences and Creative Arts, 8 (1), 1-12.
Lange, D. (2008). A multidimensional conceptualization of organizational corruption control. Academy of Management Review, 33 (3), 710-729.
Larmour, P. (2012). Corruption and the concept of culture: Evidence from the Pacific islands, en M. Barcham, B. Hindess y P. Larmour (eds.), Corruption (pp. 155-177). Australia: ANU Press.
Lessig, L. (2013). «Institutional corruption» defined. The Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, 41 (3), 553-555.
Levine, D. (2005). The corrupt organization. Human Relations, 58 (6), 723-740.
Liu, X. (2016). Corruption culture and corporate misconduct. Journal of Financial Economics, 122 (2), 307-327.
Luo, Y. (2005). An organizational perspective of corruption. Management and Organization Review, 1 (1), 119-154.
Manara, M., van Gils, S., Nübold, A. y Zijlstra, F. (2020). Corruption, fast or slow? Ethical leadership interacts with Machiavellianism to influence intuitive thinking and corruption. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, art.578419.
Marani, S., de Brito, M., de Souza, G. y Brito, V. (2018). Os sentidos da pesquisa sobre corrupção, Revista de Administração Pública, 52 (4), 712-730.
Militaru, C. y Zanfir, A. (2012). The influence of organizational culture over the ethical principles in international businesses. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 2 (1), 26-33.
Miller, S. (2017). Institutional corruption. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Moore, C., Detert, J., Treviño, L., Baker, V. y Mayer, D. (2012). Why employees to bad things? Moral disengagement and unethical organizational behavior. Personnel Psychology, 65 (1), 1-48.
Morales, S. y Morales, O. (2019). "From bribes to international corruption: The Odebrecht case". Emerging Markets Case Studies, 9 (3), 1-17.
Mungiu-Pippidi, A. y Heywood, P. (Eds.). (2020). A research agenda for studies of corruption. USA: Edward Elgar.
Nelson, J. (2017). The normalization of corruption. Journal of Management Inquiry, 26 (3), 280-286.
Nichols, P. (2017). What is organizational corruption? en M. Aßländer y S. Hudson (eds.), The handbook of business and corruption (pp. 3-23). UK: Emerald.
Nureña, C. y Helfgott, F. (2019). Rings of corruption in Peru. NACLA Report on the Americas, 51 (2), 167-173.
O’Trakoun, J. (2017). New perspectives on corruption contagion. Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 26 (5), 552-565.
Osipian, A. (2007). Corruption in higher education: Conceptual approaches and measurement techniques. Research in Comparative and International Education, 2 (4), 313-332.
Pena, J. y Sánchez, J. (2014). Does corruption have social roots? The role of culture and social capital. Journal of Business Ethics, 122 (4), 697-708.
Philp, M. (2006). Corruption definition and measurement, en C. Sampford, A. Shacklock, C. Connors y F. Galtung (eds.), Measuring corruption (pp. 45-56). UK: Ashgate.
Pillay, S. y Dorasamy, N. (2010). Linking cultural dimensions with the nature of corruption: An institutional theory perspective. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 10 (3), 363-378.
Pinto, J., Leana, C. y Pil, F. (2008). Corrupt organizations or organizations of corrupt individuals? Two types of organization-level corruption. Academy of Management Review, 33 (3), 685-709.
Pohlmann, M., Bitsch, K. y Klinkhammer, J. (2016). Personal gain or organizational benefits? How to explain active corruption. German Law Journal, 17 (1), 73-74.
Pohlmann, M., Dannecker, G. y Valarini, E. (Eds.). (2020). Bribery, fraud, cheating: How to explain and to avoid organizational wrongdoing. Heidelberg: Springer.
Rodrigues, C. y Barros, A. (2020). From caciques and godfathers to second-order corruption. Journal of Management Inquiry, doi:10.1177/1056492620901780.
Rosenblatt, V. (2012). Hierarchies, power inequalities, and organizational corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 111, 237-251.
Rothstein, B. y Varraich, A. (2017). Making sense of corruption. NY: Cambridge University Press.
Ryder, N. (Ed.). (2018). White collar crime and risk. UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Sahu, V. (2017). Corruption: “Culture” in the dock. Journal of Human Values, 23 (1), 21-26.
Schneider, P. y Bose, G. (2017). Organizational cultures of corruption. Journal of Public Economic Theory, 19 (1), 59-80.
Sehhat, S., Kenari, M. y Mijani, M. (2012). An empirical study on relationship between organizational culture and administrative corruption. Management Science Letters, 2 (5), 1589-1602.
Sekkat, K. (2018). Is corruption curable? Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
Seleim, A. y Bontis, N. (2009). The relationship between culture and corruption: A cross-national study. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 10 (1), 165-184.
Tang, Y., Zhan, X. y Chen, K. (2018). Differential leadership and organizational corruption in China: Mediating role of moral disengagement and moderating role of organizational justice. Chinese Management Studies, 12 (4), 795-811.
Taylor, A. (2016). What do corrupt firms have in common? Red flags of corruption in organizational culture. Center for the Advancement of Public Integrity, Columbia University, New York.
Taylor, A. (2017). The five levels of an ethical culture. San Francisco: Business for Social Responsibility.
Taylor, A. y Torsello, D. (2015). Exploring the link between organizational culture and corruption. CEU Business School Working Paper Series, 4.
Thompson, D. (2018). Theories of institutional corruption. Annual Review Political Science, 21, 26.1-26.19.
Treisman, D. (2007). What have we learned about the causes of corruption from ten years of cross-national empirical research? Annual Review of Political Science, 10, 211-244.
Tummala, K. (Ed.). (2021). Corruption in the public sector. UK: Emerald.
Vergara, C. (2020). Systemic corruption. USA: Prince ton University Press.
Warf, B. (2019). Global corruption from a geographic perspective. Switzerland: Springer.
Weaver, G. (2001). Ethics programs in global businesses: Culture’s role in managing ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 30(1), 3-15.
Weisel, O. y Shalvi, S. (2015). The collaborative roots of corruption. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112 (34), 10651-10656.
Yeganeh, H. (2014). Culture and corruption: A concurrent application of Hofstede’s, Schwartz’s and Inglehart’s frameworks. International Journal of Development Issues, 13 (1), 2-24.
Zhang, N. (2015). Changing a ‘culture’ of corruption: Evidence from an economic experiment in Italy. Rationality and Society, 27 (4), 387-413.
Zhang, Y. y Lavena, C. (Eds.). (2015). Government anti-corruption strategies: A cross-cultural perspective. USA: CRC Press.
Revista Internacional de Organizaciones se publica bajo una licencia Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. Esta licencia permite a otros remezclar, retocar, y crear a partir de tu obra, incluso con fines comerciales, siempre y cuando te den crédito y licencien sus nuevas creaciones bajo las mismas condiciones. Así, cuando el autor/a envía su colaboración está explícitamente aceptando esta cesión de derechos de edición y de publicación. Igualmente autoriza a Revista Internacional de Organizaciones la inclusión de su trabajo en un fascículo de la revista para su distribución y venta.
Con el objetivo de favorecer la difusión del conocimiento, Revista Internacional de Organizaciones se adhiere al movimiento de revistas de Open Access (DOAJ) y entrega la totalidad de sus contenidos a diversos repositorios bajo este protocolo; por tanto, la remisión de un trabajo para ser publicado en la revista presupone la aceptación explícita por parte del autor/a de este método de distribución.