Resumen
Durante la pandemia COVID-19 la sociedad, a nivel global, se ha dado cuenta de la importancia clave del personal sanitario. Sin embargo, en bastantes partes del mundo se puede apreciar que el personal sanitario no está satisfecho con sus condiciones laborales, y esto se ha reflejado en las abundantes y diversas protestas y huelgas. Esta también es la situación actual a la que se enfrenta España. La cuestión es: ¿de qué manera puede contribuir la teoría sobre el diálogo social a explicar y mejorar la situación del personal sanitario en una crisis sanitaria como la actual? Este artículo pretende explorar la realidad del personal sanitario en estas circunstancias tan cambiantes y retadoras, y enlazarlo con la teoría sobre diálogo social, con el fin de establecer un doble proceso de contribución: desde la práctica a la teoría, y viceversa. Para ello, en primer lugar, se exploran dichos problemas actuales, con un especial foco en el caso de España, y a continuación se revisan los enfoques teóricos aplicables sobre el estudio del diálogo social en las organizaciones, un área que ha recibido muy poca atención en la literatura científica revisada. El estudio muestra cómo el diálogo social constructivo puede ser una herramienta efectiva para la mejora de las condiciones laborales del personal sanitario.
Citas
Accountability Research Center (2020, May). "Health Worker Protest Project". https://accountabilityresearch.org/publication/health-worker-protest-project/
Bacon, N. & Blyton, P. (2007). Conflict for mutual gains? Journal of Management Studies, 44 (5): 814-834.
Benítez, M., Medina, F & Munduate L (2011). Studying conflict in work teams. Papeles del Psicólogo, 32 (1): 69-81.
Berwick, D.M. (2003). Improvement, trust, and the healthcare workforce. BMJ Quality and Safety, 12 (6): 448-452.
Bhatti, M.A., Hussain, M.S. & Al Doghan, M.A. (2018). The role of personal and job resources in boosting nurses' work engagement and performance. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 37 (2): 32-40.
BÖhmer, M. M., Buchholz, U., Corman, V. M., Hoch, M., Katz, K., Marosevic, D. V., ... & Zapf, A. (2020). Investigation of a COVID-19 outbreak in Germany resulting from a single travel-associated primary case: a case series. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20 (8), 920-928.
Brett, J, Behfar K.& Sanchez-Burks, J. (2014). Managing cross-culture conflicts: A close look at the implication of direct versus indirect confrontation. In Handbook of conflict management research. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Bryson, A., Forth, J. & George, A. (2012). Workplace social dialogue in Europe: an analysis of the European Company Survey 2009. Dublin, Ireland: Eurofound
Dave, D.S., Dotson, M.J., Cazier, J.A., Chawla, S.K., & Badgett, T.F. (2011). The impact of intrinsic motivation on satisfaction with extrinsic rewards in a nursing environment. Journal of Management and Marketing in Healthcare, 4 (2): 101-107.
Dolea, C. & Adams, O. (2005). Motivation of health care workers-review of theories and empirical evidence. Cahiers de Sociologie et Démographie Médicales, 45 (1): 135-161.
Elgoibar, P., Munduate, L. & Euwema, M. (2016). Building Trust and Constructive Conflict Management in Organizations. Springer International Publishing.
Elgoibar, P., Medina, F.J., Euwema, M.C. & Munduate, L. (2021). Increasing integrative negotiation in European organizations through trustworthiness and trust. Frontiers in Psychology, 12:655448.
Euwema, M., Munduate, L., Elgoibar, P., García, A.B. & Pender, E. (2015). Promoting social dialogue in European organizations. Human Resources management and constructive conflict behavior. Springer International Publishing.
Euwema, M., Medina, F.J., García, A.B. & Pender, E. (2019). Mediation in Collective Labor Conflicts. Springer International Publishing.
Fells, R. & Prowse, P. (2016). Negotiations in the workplace: overcoming the problem of asymmetry. In P. Elgoibar. M. Euwema & L. Munduate (eds.) Building Trust and Constructive Conflict Management in Organizations (pp. 75-92). Springer International Publishing.
Greer, I., Schulten, T. & BÖhlke, N. (2013). How does market make affect industrial relations? Evidence from eight German hospitals. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 51 (2): 215-239.
International Labour Organization, ILO (2020a). The Need for Social Dialogue in Addressing the COVID-19 Crisis, Policy Brief. Available at: https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/how-the-ilo-works/departments-and-offices/governance/WCMS_743640/lang--en/index.htm (accessed 1 May 2020).
International Labour Organization, ILO (2020b). Peak-level social dialogue as a governance tool during the COVID-19 pandemic: Global and regional trends and policy issue, Research Brief. Available at: https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/how-the-ilo-works/departments-and-offices/governance/WCMS_759072/lang--en/index.htm (accessed 1 October 2020).
International Labour Organization, ILO (2020c). Social Dialogue, Skills and Covid-19. Global deal report. Available at: www.theglobaldeal.com/social-dialogue-skills-and-covid-19.pdf. (accessed 1 December 2020).
Jirjahn, U., Mohrenweiser, J. & Smith, S. C. (2020). Works councils and workplace health promotion in Germany. Economic and Industrial Democracy. Epub ahead of print 15th March 2021. DOI: 10.1177/0143831X20971051
Johnson, A. (2020). US health care workers demand strike action to address understaffing, low pay as pandemic crisis deepens. Available at https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2020/11/14/prot-n14.html (accessed 1 December 2020).
Katz, H.C., Kochan, T.A. & Colvin, A.J. (2015). Labor relations in a globalizing world. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Kochan, T.A., Katz, H.C. & McKersie, R.B. (1994). The transformation of American industrial relations. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Koukiadaki, A., Távora, I., & Lucio, M. M. (Eds.). (2016). Joint regulation and labour market policy in Europe during the crisis. Brussels: European Trade Union Institute (ETUI).
Le Roux, R. & Cohen, T. (2016). Understanding the limitations to the right to strike in essential and public services in the SADC Region. PER: Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad, 19 (1): 1-25.
Lewicki, R., Elgoibar, P. & Euwema, M. (2016). The tree of trust: Building and repairing trust in organizations. In P. Elgoibar. M. Euwema & L. Munduate (eds.) Building Trust and Constructive Conflict Management in Organizations (pp. 93-117). Springer International Publishing.
Martínez Lucio, M., Pulignano, P., Whittall, M. & Ittner, H. (2012). Participation and dialogue: Engagement in a context of change. In L. Munduate, M. Euwema & P. Elgoibar (eds). Ten steps to empowering employee representatives in the new European industrial relations (pp. 1-6). Madrid: McGraw Hill.
Martínez Lucio, M. (2016). Myths and fantasies in discussing the end of organized labor: what do we mean when we say there is a crisis of labor relations. In P. Elgoibar. M. Euwema & L. Munduate (eds.) Building Trust and Constructive Conflict Management in Organizations (pp. 15-28). Springer International Publishing.
Martínez-Pecino, R., Munduate, L., Medina, F.J. & Euwema, M. (2008). Effectiveness of mediation strategies in collective bargaining. Industrial Relations 47 (3): 480-495.
McKay, D., Heisler, M., Mishori, R., Catton, H. & Kloiber, O. (2020). Attacks against health-care personnel must stop, especially as the world fights COVID-19. The Lancet 395(10239): 1743-1745.
Mouzo, J. (2021). La pandemia sume a la atención primaria en una saturación permanente [The pandemic plunges primary care into permanent saturation] El Pais, 09 February 2021
Müller, S. & Stegmaier, J. (2017). The dynamic effects of works councils on labor productivity: First evidence from panel data. British Journal of Industrial Relations 55 (2): 372-395.
Munduate, L., Euwema, M. & Elgoibar, P. (2012). Ten steps for empowering employee representatives in the new European industrial relations. Madrid: McGraw Hill.
Nauta, A., Van de Ven, C. & Strating, H. (2016). Interventions for building trust and negotiating integrative agreements between management and works council. In In P. Elgoibar. M. Euwema & L. Munduate (eds.) Building Trust and Constructive Conflict Management in Organizations (pp. 119-135.). Springer International Publishing.
Pender, E., Elgoibar, P., Munduate, L., García, A. & Euwema, M. (2018). Improving social dialogue: What employers expect from employee representatives. The Economic and Labor Relations Review, 29 (2): 169-189.
Roche, W.K., Teague, P. & Colvin, A.J. (2014). The Oxford handbook of conflict management in organizations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sen, R. & Lee, C. (2015). Workers and social movements of the developing world: Time to rethink the scope of industrial relations? International Labor Review 154 (1): 37-46.
The Local (2020). Why Spanish doctors are staging walkouts in the grip of a pandemic. Available at https://www.thelocal.es/20201027/why-spanish-doctors-are-striking-in-the-grip-of-a-pandemic/ (accessed 15 November 2020).
Van Barneveld, K., Quinlan, M., Kriesler, P., Junor, A., Baum, F., Chowdhury, A. et al, (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons on building more equal and sustainable societies. The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 31 (2): 133-157.
Visser, J. (2010). The institutional characteristics of trade unions, wage settings, state intervention and social pacts. Amsterdam: Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Labor Studies.
Walton, R. E., Cutcher-Gershenfeld, J., & McKersie, R. B. (2000). Strategic negotiations: A theory of change in labor-management relations. Cornell University Press.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2022 Revista Internacional de Organizaciones